1.Experts notice features and meaningful patterns of information that are not noticed by novices.
2.Experts have acquired a great deal of content knowledge that is organized in ways that reflect a deep understanding of their subject matter.
3.Experts’ knowledge cannot be reduced to sets of isolated facts or propositions but, instead, reflects contexts of applicability: that is, the knowledge is “conditionalized” on a set of circumstances.
4.Experts are able to flexibly retrieve important aspects of their knowledge with little attentional efforts (flexibility and automaticity)
5.Though experts know their disciplines thoroughly, this does not guarantee that they are able to teach others.
6.Experts have varying levels of flexibility in their approach to new situations.
In conclusion, the six principles of expertise, in need of being considered simultaneously and as parts of an overall system, are listed as follows:
(1)meaningful patterns of information
(2)organization of knowledge
(3)context and access to knowledge
(4)fluent retrieval
(5)expert and teaching: expertise in particular domain does not guarantee that one is good at helping others learn it.
(6)adaptive expertise
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